Root cause analysis is a structured team process that assists in identifying underlying factors or causes of an adverse event or near-miss. Understanding the contributing factors or causes […]
Doggybone Plasmid DNA
E. Coli fermentation is the conventional way of producing pDNA and is widely adopted in the biotech industry. However the long lead time and high cost associated with […]
Plasmid DNA
A plasmid is a small, double-stranded, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microscopic organisms. Unlike genomic DNA, which is chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA is extrachromosomal […]
Why E. coli Doesn’t Like to Transcribe Poly(A) Tail?
Eukaryotic mRNA consists of several parts: the 5′ Cap, 5′ UTR, coding sequence, 3′ UTR, and 3′ poly(A) tail. The poly(A) tail plays a critical role in stabilizing […]
GalNAc
GalNAc, or N-acetylgalactosamine, is a sugar molecule with its chemical structure shown in Figure 1. It can recognize and bind to a cell surface protein, the asialoglycoprotein receptor […]
Base Editing
On November 13, 2023, Verve Therapeutics shared positive early Phase I results from the first in vivo base editing human trial, demonstrating “Dose-Dependent Reductions in LDL-C and Blood […]
Analytical Strategies (Adopted From Online Blogs)
Analytical procedures are applied to ensure the identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency of each drug substance and drug product manufactured for human use. Analytical test methods can […]
mRNA in Cell Therapy
In a previous blog (CAT-T + mRNA for Cancer Therapy), we discussed a special cancer therapy in which engineered CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) -T cells and mRNA encoding […]
Critical Quality Attributes for mRNA
A Critical Quality Attribute (CQA) is a physical, chemical, biological, or microbiological property or characteristic that should fall within appropriate limits, ranges, or distributions to ensure the desired […]
Different Matrices of Columns: Bead Resin, Fibro, Membrane Adsorber, and Monolith
Chromatography with columns is widely used for the purification of various biomolecules, including RNA. We will examine the differences between bead resin, fibro, membrane adsorber, and monolith. Table […]