E. Coli fermentation is the conventional way of producing pDNA and is widely adopted in the biotech industry. However the long lead time and high cost associated with […]
Technology
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Plasmid DNA
A plasmid is a small, double-stranded, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microscopic organisms. Unlike genomic DNA, which is chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA is extrachromosomal […]
Technology
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Why E. coli Doesn’t Like to Transcribe Poly(A) Tail?
Eukaryotic mRNA consists of several parts: the 5′ Cap, 5′ UTR, coding sequence, 3′ UTR, and 3′ poly(A) tail. The poly(A) tail plays a critical role in stabilizing […]
Chemistry
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Sugars and Lipids – Chemical Structure
Sugars and lipids are two distinct classes of biomolecules found in living organisms, each with its own unique chemical composition, structure, and functions. Today, we will focus solely […]
Technology
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GalNAc
GalNAc, or N-acetylgalactosamine, is a sugar molecule with its chemical structure shown in Figure 1. It can recognize and bind to a cell surface protein, the asialoglycoprotein receptor […]
News / Technology
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Base Editing
On November 13, 2023, Verve Therapeutics shared positive early Phase I results from the first in vivo base editing human trial, demonstrating “Dose-Dependent Reductions in LDL-C and Blood […]
Technology
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Analytical Strategies (Adopted From Online Blogs)
Analytical procedures are applied to ensure the identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency of each drug substance and drug product manufactured for human use. Analytical test methods can […]
Technology
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mRNA in Cell Therapy
In a previous blog (CAT-T + mRNA for Cancer Therapy), we discussed a special cancer therapy in which engineered CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) -T cells and mRNA encoding […]